使用yum的时候出现报错：CRITICAL:yum.main: Error: rpmdb open failed

在CentOS 7系统上，在使用yum命令安装软件包时候报错

[root@VM-17-4-centos ~]# yum install tree -y
error: rpmdb: BDB0113 Thread/process 18014/140179674609728 failed: BDB1507 Thread died in Berkeley DB library
error: db5 error(-30973) from dbenv->failchk: BDB0087 DB_RUNRECOVERY: Fatal error, run database recovery
error: cannot open Packages index using db5 -  (-30973)
error: cannot open Packages database in /var/lib/rpm
CRITICAL:yum.main:

从报错信息看，原因是RPM数据库被破坏

解决方案

[root@VM-17-4-centos filecmp_tmp]# ll /var/lib/rpm/
total 75328
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root  2658304 Jul 23  2020 Basenames
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root     8192 Dec 30  2019 Conflictname
-rw-r--r--  1 root root   270336 Mar  5 10:54 __db.001
-rw-r--r--  1 root root    81920 Mar  5 10:54 __db.002
-rw-r--r--  1 root root  1318912 Mar  5 10:54 __db.003
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root  1253376 Jul 23  2020 Dirnames
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root    24576 Jul 23  2020 Group
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root    12288 Jul 23  2020 Installtid
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root    45056 Jul 23  2020 Name
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root    16384 Dec 27  2019 Obsoletename
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 69341184 Jul 23  2020 Packages
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root  1863680 Jul 23  2020 Providename
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root   237568 Jul 23  2020 Requirename
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root    69632 Jul 23  2020 Sha1header
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root    40960 Jul 23  2020 Sigmd5
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root     8192 Dec 23  2019 Triggername

[root@VM-17-4-centos filecmp_tmp]# cd /var/lib/rpm/;for i in `ls | grep 'db.'`;do mv $i $i.bak;done

[root@VM-17-4-centos rpm]# rpm --rebuilddb

[root@VM-17-4-centos rpm]# yum clean all
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacks
Repository epel is listed more than once in the configuration
Repodata is over 2 weeks old. Install yum-cron? Or run: yum makecache fast
Cleaning repos: epel extras os updates webtatic
Cleaning up everything
Maybe you want: rm -rf /var/cache/yum, to also free up space taken by orphaned data from disabled or removed repos
Cleaning up list of fastest mirrors

然后重新使用yum进行安装就没有问题了